До питання термінології дизайну

Abstract

У статті представлено спробу загального комплексного аналізу проблем дизайнерської термінології. В контексті особливостей умов її функціонування розглянуто низку лінгвістичних та позалінгвістичних чинників, які впливали на її становлення та розвиток. Закцентовано увагу на питаннях формування сучасної української термінології дизайну. З’ясовано, що найбільш дискурсивними з них залишаються аспекти семантичного змісту термінів. Для прикладу праналізовано такі поняття як “технічна естетика”, “арт-дизайн”, “етно-дизайн”, “еко-дизайн” та деякі інші. Основну ж увагу дослідження зосереджено на ключовому терміні “дизайн”, максимально можливих історичних та географічних межах його осмислення. В результаті встановлено, що, по суті, “дизайн” є означенням певного плану задуму – етапом розумової творчо-проектної діяльності до моменту реалізації чи створення нового.

В статье представлена попытка общего комплексного анализа проблем дизайнерской терминологии. В контексте особенностей условий ее функционирования рассмотрен ряд лингвистических и внелингвистических факторов, которые влияли на ее становление и развитие. Акцентировано внимание на вопросах формирования современной украинской терминологии дизайна. Выяснено, что наиболее дискурсивными из них остаются аспекты семантического содержания терминов. В качестве примера проанализировано такие понятия, как “техническая эстетика”, “арт-дизайн”, “этно-дизайн”, “эко-дизайн” и некоторые другие. Основное же внимание исследования сосредоточено на ключевом термине “дизайн”, максимально возможных исторических и географических рамках его осмысления. В результате установлено, что “дизайн” являет собой, по существу, обозначение определенного плана замысла – этап умственной творческо-проектной деятельности до момента реализации или создания нового.

The relevance of the specific topic of consideration of design terminology is due to the context of its functioning, the formation of design as a science in the modern conditions of development. The analysis of recent studies and publications indicates the availability of both linguistic and extra linguistic factors that influenced and continue to influence the formation and development of the design terminology. It is found out that for the design community the most controversial and painful issue is the clarification of the semantic content of the terms, the main of which is the term “design” and other terms derived from it, which determine the branching of the specificity of modern design activity. Since the term does not belong to the concept, but on the contrary the concepts are attached to certain terms, it is important for design specialists to observe the unity in their perception and interpretation. The results of the study prove that the features of the formation and development of design activities contributed to the attraction of the design terminology terms from the terminology of other scientific disciplines and branches of human activity. The terminological system of design, created in this way by specialists in philology, is characterized as integrative and quite typical as well as productive for our time. It is divided into groups corresponding to the main areas of design that is industrial, environmental and graphic. There are also common terms (reference) for these three main thematic layers, which directly form the specificity of the design language. These include: the name of the individual branches of design and areas of design activity, the name of design professions, the names of the main objects of design, the name of the main stages of design/development, the name of the fundamental design processes, the name of design documentation and administrative structures of design activity. In general, for the composition of any integration terminology system, which includes design terminology, the combination of its own terms and attracted (borrowed) vocabulary, is a typical phenomenon. Provided, in this case, a characteristic feature of integration is determined by such indicators as: the share of attracted vocabulary in relation to the whole terminological system, a variety of sources of the attracted vocabulary, the internal borrowing of individual fragments of terminological systems, not borrowed terms. A separate problem area is the formation of the modern Ukrainian design terminology. In addition to a number of common issues, Ukrainian design terms are characterized by the widespread use of claque (mainly Russian) terms that do not correspond to the system of the Ukrainian language. However, with the independence of Ukraine the situation is somewhat changing. Modern requirements to terms, which indicate the need of their compliance to the existing international standards, were developed; a considerable number of Ukrainian-language dictionaries appeared, including the ones on design. In the context of design education numerous problematic issues of history, theory and practice of design in Ukraine become topical. It is clear that without the use of professional design terminology such professional activities would be poor. And here we are talking not so much about language behavior in its own area, or the assimilation and creation of professional texts, but about the weight of the existence of the semantic content of the term, the realization that the term not only calls, but also exhaustively denotes a particular concept and contains much more information than just a terminological unit of vocabulary. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop the field of common and understandable values, their correlation and agreement on the essential changes that are possible over time. As a result of observations of the functioning of certain design terms it can be concluded that the features of their introduction are associated with a certain actualization of the conceptual and ideological understanding of the tasks of design activities and, in the end, the transition to another qualitative level of its development. That is, the emergence of any, even not quite thought out from the standpoint of philology and agreed in the professional community term is used to present a new concept, different from what already exists. Over time, in the case of understanding, testing and perception of a great new, it can organically integrate into the general concept of the design activity or be rejected as unnecessary. A single terminology can be considered as meaning fixing characteristic for a particular industry, time period and the principle of social, economic, cultural and other relationships. Issues related to the study, understanding and refinement of terminology are not secondary. They will make it possible in the mode of relevance to build and adjust the content of professional activity, to compare its evolutionary changes and, in the end, to be guided in the prospects of its development. And first of all, these questions are important for designers, namely practitioners, analysts, researchers.