Кременецька районна система розселення та особливості її трансформації в умовах децентралізації

Abstract

В статті висвітлено особливості перебігу та результати процесу децентралізації на прикладі Кременецької районної системи розселення, що утворилася на базі поселень північної частини Тернопільської області. Проаналізовано структуру формування та адміністративний склад новоутворених територіальних громад Кременецького району, за кількістю та типом поселень, їх людністю та щільністю розміщення населення. Способом зіставлення шляхів сполучення з розташуванням населених пунктів виділено опорний каркас розселення території району та місце населених пунктів району в загальному опорному каркасі Тернопільської області. За допомогою зіставлення територіальних особливостей людності населених пунктів, щільності розміщення населення в розрізі території колишніх рад та перетинів шляхів сполучення встановлено основні ядра притягання населення. В результаті визначення транспортної доступності між центрами громад району, а також з найбільших населених пунктів громад до районного центру міста Кременець виявлено найбільш та найменш вигідно розміщені поселення за даною ознакою

The author analyzes past and current publications of scholars who have worked on the study of settlement in its methodological, theoretical and practical aspects, before the reform of the administrative-territorial structure in Ukraine and the research that took place during and after its implementation. The analysis of features of composition of the Ternopil regional system of settlement is carried out to realization of reform of decentralization. The inter-district inwardly regional, district and shrub systems of settlement of the Ternopil area are described that can be clearly traced to realization of administrative-territorial reform their composition and amount are indicated and also the centers of the systems of settlement of all levels are marked. The author analyzes the impact of the decentralization reform on the reformatting of the levels of the settlement system and its transformation. It is noted that as a result of such changes, inter-district systems have been transformed into district systems, and new systems of settlement of the next level with centers in the administrative centers of communities have emerged within the former districts. The detailed analysis of the changes and transformations that have taken place within the Ternopil regional system of settlement is carried out. The article describes and analyzes the newly formed settlement system of Kremenets district, which was formed on the basis of the northern districts of Тernopil region. Administrative composition of newly formed Kremenets district is analyzed, in relation to distribution of territories of former administrative districts between newly formed territorial communities and including to them of territory of former village soviets and inhabited items. The composition of each of the new communities is analyzed by the number of amalgamated councils, the quantity of settlements, amount of cities, villages and settlements of municipal type in their composition. The place of each community in the district is determined by the area and population within the district, as well as in comparison with all other communities in the Ternopil region that are part of other districts. The analysis of population settlement was carried out in the context of territorial communities of Kremenets district, by displaying the number and location of urban and rural population, as well as the population density of territorial communities. By mapping the transport network and overlaying it with the location of Kremenets district settlements, indicating their administrative status, the author has determined its place in the structure of the settlement framework of the region, as well as identified the local supporting frame of settlement that is characteristic of Kremenets district and the main cores of this framework. The level of transport accessibility of the hundred largest settlements of each community, which were the centers of the councils, was analyzed in relation to the administrative center of Kremenets district, the city of Kremenets, by drawing up a map. The most and least favorably located settlements of each community were identified.