Розвиток алгоритмічних умінь старшокласників засобами комп'ютерної графіки в умовах профільного навчання

Abstract

У дисертації розроблено дидактичну модель розвитку алгоритмічних умінь старшокласників, яка структурно складається з чотирьох компонентів: дидактико-цілепокладального, змістового, формувального, діагностико-коригувального. Визначено критерії та показники сформованості алгоритмічних умінь старшокласників щодо комп’ютерно-графічної діяльності (мотиваційно-цілепокладальний; когнітивно-змістовий; операційно-процесуальний; рефлексивно-оцінний), а також виявлено та схарактеризовано чотири рівні сформованості таких умінь: елементарний; інструктивно-репродуктивний; евристично-активний; креативний (продуктивно-творчий). Розроблено методику їхнього виявлення й оцінювання за допомогою тематичних анкет, тестів та компетентнісних геометро-графічних задач проблемного характеру. Теоретично обґрунтовано, розроблено та впроваджено в педагогічну практику авторський курс за вибором для старшої школи «Основи комп’ютерних графічно-інформаційних технологій. Алгоритмізація графічних побудов».

В диссертации разработана дидактическая модель развития алгоритмических умений старшеклассников, которая структурно состоит из четырех компонентов: дидактико-целеполагательного, содержательного, формировочного, диагностико-корректирующего. Определены критерии и показатели сформированности алгоритмических умений старшеклассников по компьютерно-графической деятельности (мотивационно-целеполагательный; когнитивно-содержательный; операционно-процессуальный; рефлексивно-оценочный), а также выявлены и охарактеризованы четыре уровня сформированности таких умений: элементарный; инструктивно-репродуктивный; эвристически активный; креативный (продуктивно-творческий). Разработана методика их выявления и оценки с помощью тематических анкет, тестов и компетентностных геометро-графических задач проблемного характера. Теоретически обоснован, разработан и внедрен в педагогическую практику авторский курс по выбору для старшей школы «Основы компьютерных графически-информационных технологий. Алгоритмизация графических построений».

Study and analysis of psychological-pedagogical literature on the issue of development of algorithmic skills of senior pupils have been done in the dissertation. Based on their analysis we determined that the greatest number of opportunities to integrate the learning of computer graphics and development of algorithmic skills is displayed in the profile training in senior school. As a result of the conducted analytic-synthetic research work the definition of computer graphics as a part of informatics has been clarified. We found out that despite the wide range of didactic possibilities of computer graphics as for the formation and development of pupils' algorithmic skills and algorithmic thinking, it is most effectively and naturally to develop such qualities in the process of purposeful educational graphic activity using computer graphics. Thus, geometric-graphic algorithmization is considered as a systematic combination of analysis and synthesis of computer graphic image (model). It is one of the manifestations of the strengthening of education and is considered as the main idea of the dissertation on the development of algorithmic skills of the senior pupils by means of computer graphics under the conditions of profile training. For the purposeful development of the research we determined its conceptual bases consisting of three interrelated and complementary concepts: methodological, theoretical (contextual) and technological (procedural). The key role in the methodological concept of the research was assigned to the concept didactic system, which was specified and schematized. It is found out that the geometric-graphic-algorithmic training of senior pupils with the use of methods and means of computer graphic-informational technologies should be implemented according to the specific didactic model during the study of the author's elective course, which will be used for the implementation of three-level goal. It is clarified that for the elective courses of informational direction the most viable direction is integrative model of education, the main contextual components of which are defined the following: experience of cognitive activity; experience in the implementation of the known methods of activity; experience of creative activity; experience of emotional-value attitude; personal experience of the activity in the certain field of information-communicational technologies; individual development of certain abilities of the personality. To the contextually adjusted general didactic principles of learning the elective course of informatics direction in profile training we offered to add such specific didactic principles: profile adaptability, the principle of 'self', technologization of intellectualized activity, pupil’s sense of complete autonomy in learning with the non-accent pedagogical support, project-based learning. Using the systematic approach, the didactic model of algorithmic skills of senior pupils’ development by means of computer graphics under the conditions of profile learning based on the elective courses of informatics direction was developed. Structurally the model consists of four components: didactic-target oriented, meaningful, forming, diagnostic-corrective. The criteria and indicators of formation of algorithmic skills of senior pupils as for the computer graphic activity have been determined, as well as four levels of formedness of such algorithmic skills: elementary; instructive-reproductive; heuristically-active; creative (productive-creative) have been discovered and described. The methodology of their identification and evaluation is worked out with the help of thematic questionnaires, tests, and competence geometry-graphic tasks of the problem character. The author’s elective course of informatics direction for senior school «The Foundations of Computer Graphic-Informatics Technologies. Algorithmization of Graphic Structures» as a core and practical implementator of didactic model of the senior pupils’ algorithmic skills development during the profile learning with the use of means of computer graphics has been theoretically substantiated and developed. The effectiveness of introduction of the profile learning of senior school developed didactic model and the author's methods on the basis of elective course of informatics direction «The Foundations of Computer Graphic-Informatics Technologies. Algorithmization of Graphic Structures» was confirmed by the obtained results of the formative stage of pedagogical experiment, where we observed the positive changes among the pupils of experimental groups in comparison with the pupils in the control groups.